People who take a marble cake view of federalism believe that?

People who take a marble cake view of federalism believe that the responsibilities and powers of different levels of government—federal, state, and local—are intertwined and overlapping, much like the swirled layers of a marble cake. This perspective contrasts with the "layer cake" view, which sees federalism as a clear separation of powers among the different government levels. Proponents of the marble cake model argue that cooperation and collaboration among governments are essential for addressing complex policy issues effectively. This approach reflects the dynamic and interconnected nature of governance in a federal system.