How many blacks get turned down from a job because of their race?

Quantifying how many Black individuals are turned down for jobs specifically due to race is challenging, as many instances of discrimination are not formally reported. However, studies and surveys, such as those conducted by the National Bureau of Economic Research, have shown that Black applicants often face biases in hiring processes, leading to lower callback rates compared to their white counterparts. Systemic issues and implicit biases contribute to these disparities in employment opportunities.