Three neural mechanisms that could be responsible for gains in strength with resistance training when there has not been substantial muscle hypertrophy?

Three neural mechanisms that can account for strength gains without significant muscle hypertrophy include increased motor unit recruitment, enhanced synchronization of motor unit firing, and improved rate coding. Increased motor unit recruitment involves activating more muscle fibers during contractions, while synchronization allows for more efficient and coordinated muscle contractions. Improved rate coding refers to the ability to increase the frequency of action potentials sent to muscle fibers, resulting in greater force production. Together, these mechanisms enhance strength performance even in the absence of notable muscle size increases.