How does differential heating of the Earth result in circulation patterns in the atmosphere and oceans?

Differential heating of the Earth's surface creates variations in temperature, which in turn drives the movement of air and water. As warm air rises over the equator and cool air sinks near the poles, it sets up large-scale circulation patterns in both the atmosphere and oceans. These patterns include the Hadley cells, Ferrel cells, and polar cells in the atmosphere, as well as ocean currents like the Gulf Stream.