Three key molecules involved in cellular energy transfer are ATP (adenosine triphosphate), NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and FADH2 (flavin adenine dinucleotide). Before they collect energy, ATP is synthesized during processes like glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, while NADH and FADH2 are generated during these metabolic pathways by the oxidation of substrates. After they collect energy, ATP serves as an immediate energy source for cellular processes, while NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport chain to produce additional ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
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