What is Machiavelli's attitude toward human nature?

Machiavelli has a rather pragmatic and often cynical view of human nature, suggesting that people are inherently self-interested and driven by desires for power and security. He believes that individuals are fickle, ungrateful, and easily manipulated, leading him to advocate for a ruler who is shrewd and sometimes ruthless in order to maintain order and stability. This perspective underpins much of his political philosophy, particularly in "The Prince," where he argues that the ends often justify the means in governance. Overall, Machiavelli's attitude reflects a realist approach, emphasizing the need for leaders to understand and navigate the darker aspects of human behavior.