Why are urban areas particularly vulnerable to flash flooding?

Urban areas are particularly vulnerable to flash flooding due to their high density of impermeable surfaces, such as roads and buildings, which prevent water absorption and increase runoff. The extensive drainage systems in cities can become overwhelmed during heavy rainfall, leading to rapid accumulation of water. Additionally, urbanization often alters natural water flow patterns, exacerbating the risk of flooding in low-lying areas. Poorly maintained drainage infrastructure can further contribute to flooding, making urban regions more susceptible to sudden deluges.