What are the risks and complications associated with venepuncture?

Venepuncture carries several risks and complications, including hematoma formation, which occurs when blood leaks into the surrounding tissue, causing swelling and bruising. There is also a risk of infection at the puncture site, as well as nerve damage if the needle inadvertently contacts nearby nerves. Additionally, some patients may experience fainting or vasovagal syncope during the procedure. In rare cases, thrombosis or phlebitis can occur in the affected vein.