What are the stages of kidney cancer?

Kidney cancer is classified into four stages based on tumor size, lymph node involvement, and spread to other organs. Stage 1: Tumor is 7 cm or smaller and limited to the kidney. Stage 2: Tumor is larger than 7 cm but still within the kidney. Stage 3: Cancer spreads to nearby lymph nodes or major veins around the kidney. Stage 4: Cancer extends to nearby organs or distant sites like lungs, bones, or brain, indicating advanced disease.