During the 1930s, Germany, Italy, and Spain experienced significant political and social upheaval. In Germany, Adolf Hitler rose to power, establishing a totalitarian regime under the Nazi Party, which promoted aggressive nationalism and militarism. Italy, under Benito Mussolini, saw the consolidation of fascist rule, marked by expansionist policies and a strong emphasis on nationalism. Meanwhile, Spain was engulfed in a civil war (1936-1939) between Republicans and Nationalists led by Francisco Franco, ultimately resulting in a fascist Dictatorship that aligned with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
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