The Peloponnesian War weakened the city-states of Greece, particularly Athens and Sparta, by exhausting their resources and destabilizing their political structures. This fragmentation created a power vacuum that allowed Macedonia, under King Philip II, to rise as a dominant force. Philip capitalized on the disunity by unifying the Greek city-states through military conquest and diplomacy, ultimately leading to the expansion of Macedonian influence across Greece. This laid the groundwork for his son, Alexander the great, to further extend Macedonian control into Asia.
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