What are three architectural innovations that enabled architects to construct soaring gothic cathedrals?

Three key architectural innovations that enabled the construction of soaring Gothic cathedrals include the pointed arch, which allowed for greater height and more intricate designs; the ribbed vault, which distributed weight more effectively and permitted larger Windows; and the flying buttress, which transferred the weight of the roof and walls outward, enabling thinner walls and expansive stained glass Windows. These innovations collectively enhanced the structural integrity and aesthetic grandeur of Gothic architecture.