What are the major competencies of newborns?

Newborns possess several key competencies, including reflexive responses such as grasping, rooting, and sucking, which are essential for feeding and bonding. They have a limited but functional ability to perceive their environment, showing preference for human faces and sounds, particularly their mother's voice. Additionally, newborns can exhibit basic emotional responses, such as crying to communicate needs. These competencies lay the foundation for early development and attachment.