What was the law that allowed for separate facilities?

The law that allowed for separate facilities, particularly in the United States, was the Jim Crow laws, established in the late 19th century. These state and local statutes enforced racial segregation in public facilities, schools, transportation, and more, under the doctrine of "separate but equal." This legal framework was upheld by the Supreme Court's 1896 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, which legitimized racial segregation until it was challenged and ultimately overturned by the Civil Rights Movement in the mid-20th century.