What is the general structure of a solar panel and how does it work?

A solar panel typically consists of several layers, including a front protective glass layer, a silicon photovoltaic (PV) layer, a backsheet, and an aluminum frame. The silicon layer contains two types of silicon—n-type and p-type—which create an electric field when sunlight strikes the panel. This light energy knocks electrons loose from the silicon atoms, generating direct current (DC) electricity. The DC is then converted to alternating current (AC) by an inverter for use in homes and businesses.