How did southern whites obtain free labor from Africans after the passage of the Th amendment?

After the passage of the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery, many southern whites sought to exploit loopholes and maintain a labor force through various means. They implemented systems like sharecropping and tenant farming, which kept African Americans in a cycle of debt and dependency. Additionally, laws such as the Black Codes were enacted to restrict the rights of African Americans and compel them to work under oppressive conditions. These practices effectively allowed white landowners to continue benefiting from African American labor without officially reinstating slavery.