How is a sedimentary rock formed and what are the key processes involved in its formation?

Sedimentary rocks are formed through the accumulation and compression of sediments over time. The key processes involved in their formation include weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, compaction, and cementation. Weathering breaks down rocks into smaller pieces, erosion moves these sediments, transportation carries them to new locations, deposition settles them in layers, compaction squeezes out water and air, and cementation binds the sediments together to form a solid rock.