How gaschromotograph is working?

A gas chromatograph operates by vaporizing a sample and injecting it into a carrier gas stream, usually helium or nitrogen. The sample travels through a column packed with a stationary phase, where its components separate based on their affinity to the stationary phase and their volatility. As the separated compounds exit the column, they are detected by a detector (such as a flame ionization detector) that generates a signal proportional to the concentration of each component, allowing for analysis and identification. The resulting data is displayed as a chromatogram, showing peaks corresponding to different substances in the sample.