Why was India's political culture less cohesive and central than China's?

India's political culture has historically been less cohesive and centralized than China's due to its diverse ethnic, linguistic, and religious composition, which has fostered regional identities and decentralized governance. The Indian subcontinent has a long tradition of various kingdoms and local rulers, leading to a pluralistic political landscape. In contrast, China's imperial history emphasized centralized authority and a strong bureaucratic state, promoting unity under a single cultural identity. This divergence in historical development has resulted in India's more fragmented political culture compared to China's centralized system.