What is used to test the effect of the independent variable in an experiment?

In an experiment, the effect of the independent variable is tested using a controlled setup, typically involving a dependent variable that is measured or observed. Researchers manipulate the independent variable while keeping other conditions constant to isolate its impact. The results are then analyzed to determine any changes in the dependent variable, allowing for conclusions about the relationship between the two. Additionally, control groups may be used to compare outcomes and strengthen the validity of the findings.