What made it hard for blacks to vote and run for political office?

Historically, systemic barriers such as literacy tests, poll taxes, and intimidation tactics were implemented to disenfranchise Black voters in the United States. Additionally, discriminatory laws and practices, along with social and economic pressures, created significant obstacles for Black individuals seeking to run for political office. These factors were often reinforced by a lack of representation and support within the political system, making it difficult for Black candidates to gain visibility and resources. Efforts to combat these injustices have evolved, leading to legislative changes like the Voting Rights Act of 1965, but challenges persist.