The Triangle Trade refers specifically to the transatlantic trade route that involved the exchange of enslaved Africans, raw materials, and manufactured goods between Europe, Africa, and the Americas during the 16th to 19th centuries. In contrast, the Columbian Exchange encompasses a broader transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Old World and the New World following Columbus's voyages in the late 15th century. While both involved significant movement of goods and populations, the Triangle Trade primarily focused on the slave trade and economic exploitation, whereas the Columbian Exchange involved ecological and cultural exchanges that reshaped societies on both sides of the Atlantic.
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