What can be done to reduce compression perpendicular to the grain of a joist or beam?

To reduce compression perpendicular to the grain of a joist or beam, it is essential to ensure proper load distribution and support. Utilizing larger bearing areas, such as wider plates or pads, can help mitigate localized compression. Additionally, selecting materials with higher compressive strength and considering the use of engineered wood products can improve performance. Regular maintenance and inspections can also help identify and address potential issues before they lead to failure.