What are the properties of non-polarized light and how does it differ from polarized light?

Non-polarized light consists of waves vibrating in all directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation. It has random orientation of electric field vectors. Polarized light, on the other hand, has waves vibrating in a single plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation. This results in the electric field vectors being aligned in a specific direction, giving polarized light its unique properties.