The last Inca emperor, Atahualpa, was captured and killed by Spanish forces following the Battle of Cajamarca in 1532. This event was precipitated by the Spanish conquest led by Francisco Pizarro, who sought to exploit internal divisions within the Inca Empire, particularly the civil war between Atahualpa and his half-brother Huáscar. The Spanish also took advantage of their technological superiority and the use of horses, as well as the Incas' underestimation of the Spanish threat. Atahualpa's eventual execution was further fueled by his refusal to accept Spanish authority and his attempts to rally Inca resistance against the invaders.
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