How do resistors fail?

Resistors can fail primarily due to overheating, which may occur if they are subjected to excessive voltage or current beyond their rated capacity. This overheating can cause the resistor to burn out, open circuit, or, in some cases, short circuit. Environmental factors such as humidity, corrosion, or mechanical stress can also contribute to their failure. Additionally, aging and manufacturing defects may lead to a gradual decline in performance over time.