Who used to be ruled by theocracy?

Iran is a notable example of a country that was ruled by theocracy, particularly after the 1979 Islamic Revolution. The revolution led to the establishment of an Islamic Republic where religious leaders, particularly the Supreme Leader, hold significant power over political and social matters. This theocratic system intertwines governance with Islamic law, influencing various aspects of daily life in the country. Other historical examples include certain city-states in ancient Mesopotamia and the Papal States in medieval Europe.