What are the theories of new public management?

New Public Management (NPM) encompasses several theories that aim to improve public sector efficiency and effectiveness by incorporating private sector practices. Key theories include the emphasis on performance measurement, accountability, and customer service orientation, reflecting a shift towards treating citizens as customers. NPM also advocates for decentralization and the empowerment of managers to foster innovation and responsiveness. Additionally, it promotes competition within public services, encouraging the use of market mechanisms to enhance service delivery.