Why only one Chinese child per family?

The reason that only one Chinese child is allowed per family is because of the One Child Policy. Introduced in 1978, this policy was created by the Chinese Government to alleviate economic, environmental and social problems in China. When the policy was first introduced, the fertility rate in China was over 3 children per woman; in 2008, the number had fallen to 1.8 children per woman. While it has helped with both economic and environmental problems, it has had a large impact on rural families, which rely on their children to work the farm.