How does air pollution damage buildings and statues?

Air pollution, particularly from sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, can cause significant damage to buildings and statues. These pollutants can lead to chemical reactions that result in the deterioration of materials like stone, metal, and concrete. For example, acid rain formed from these pollutants can erode surfaces and promote corrosion, leading to structural damage and loss of detail in sculptures. Over time, this degradation can compromise the integrity and aesthetics of historical and cultural landmarks.