How did timothy know they were close to land from The Cay?

In "The Cay" by Theodore Taylor, Timothy knew they were close to land when he noticed changes in the water and the behavior of animals. He observed that the water became shallower and warmer, indicating proximity to shore. Additionally, the presence of birds flying overhead, which often signifies nearby land, reinforced his belief that they were nearing safety. Timothy's experience as a sailor and his awareness of nature guided his understanding of their location.