How is Canada's political system different from that of the US?

Canada is a parliamentary democracy while the U.S. is a presidential democracy. In Canada, some differences include that there

1. is fusion of the legislative and executive branches;
2. exists separate head of government (Prime Minister) and head of state (the Queen);
3. is a principle that the head of state is not elected;
4. is direct appointment of the upper-chamber (Senate) as opposed to elections;
5. is direct appointment of judges as opposed to elections;
6. exists strict party discipline;
7. exists a cabinet, chosen by the Prime Minister, and only it can present bills (with some restriction);
8. is a principle, called responsible government, that all Ministers (cabinet members) be elected as Members of Parliament (MPs);
9. are multiple parties as opposed to two;
10. is a political climate which is far 'left' of the U.S. climate;
11. exists a division of powers (federalism) which empowers the provincial level much more heavily than U.S. states.