What scientist discovered that when light passes through a prism it splits into the seven colors that we now know to be the colors of the rainbow?

The scientist who discovered that light passes through a prism and splits into seven colors was Sir Isaac newton. In the late 17th century, he conducted experiments with prisms and demonstrated that white light is composed of a spectrum of colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. This groundbreaking work laid the foundation for our understanding of optics and color theory.