Why was the middle passage so bad for slaves?

The Middle Passage was horrific for enslaved Africans due to the inhumane conditions aboard slave ships, where they were often chained together and packed tightly in unsanitary spaces. Many suffered from malnutrition, disease, and abuse, leading to high mortality rates. The psychological trauma of being forcibly taken from their homes and subjected to a brutal journey further compounded their suffering. Overall, the Middle Passage epitomized the brutality of the transatlantic slave trade.