How do mitochondria and chloroplasts divide?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts divide through a process called binary fission, which is similar to bacterial cell division. This involves the duplication of their DNA, followed by the elongation of the organelle and the formation of a septum that eventually separates the two daughter organelles. This method of division reflects their evolutionary origin as prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells. Both organelles are semi-autonomous, meaning they have their own DNA and machinery for protein synthesis, enabling them to replicate independently of the cell cycle.