What is the effect of excess nitrogen and phosphorus on the Chesapeake Bay?

Excess nitrogen and phosphorous in any water leads to aprocess called eutrophication (enrichment). As these compounds are the principal materials in fertilizer, they act on plant life to produce prolific algae growth. The algae die causing algal blooms (clumps of rotting, floating, dead algae) which reduce the oxygen content of the water making an unhealthy or even lethal environment for fish and other desirable aquatic organisms. The environment created is suitable for undesirable species like sludge worms, sewage fungus and blood worms.