What are the side effects of long term catheter use?

Long-term catheter use can lead to several complications, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), bladder stones, and catheter-associated discomfort or injury. Patients may also experience urethral strictures or erosion of the surrounding tissue. Additionally, prolonged catheterization can increase the risk of biofilm formation, making infections harder to treat. Regular monitoring and care are essential to mitigate these risks.