What is broken down plant and animal matter in soil?

Broken down plant and animal matter in soil is known as organic matter or humus. This decomposed material is crucial for soil health as it enhances nutrient availability, improves soil structure, and increases water retention. It is produced by the activity of microorganisms, fungi, and detritivores that break down the remains of dead organisms. Overall, organic matter plays a vital role in sustaining plant growth and ecosystem health.