How did Charles Darwin study plants and animals?

Charles Darwin studied plants and animals through extensive observation and experimentation during his voyage on the HMS Beagle, where he collected specimens and took detailed notes on their behaviors and habitats. He employed methods such as comparative anatomy, noting similarities and differences among species, and documented variations in traits influenced by environmental factors. Darwin also conducted experiments, such as those on plant pollination and seed dispersal, to understand natural selection and adaptation. His meticulous research laid the foundation for his theory of evolution by natural selection.