Why was the federal bureaucracy placed under civil service rules?

The federal bureaucracy was placed under civil service rules to promote meritocracy, reduce political patronage, and ensure that government positions were filled based on qualifications and performance rather than political connections. This system was established to enhance efficiency, accountability, and professionalism in the federal workforce, thereby improving public service and protecting it from corruption and favoritism. The Pendleton Act of 1883 was a key milestone in this movement, laying the groundwork for a more impartial and competent civil service.