What happened in each one of the crusades?

The First Crusade (1096-1099) resulted in the capture of Jerusalem by Christian forces, establishing several Crusader states. The Second Crusade (1147-1149) was prompted by the fall of Edessa but ended in failure for the crusaders, who could not reclaim lost territories. The Third Crusade (1189-1192), led by figures like Richard the Lionheart, sought to recapture Jerusalem after its fall to Saladin but ultimately resulted in a treaty allowing Christian pilgrims access to the city without retaking it. Subsequent crusades continued to see limited success, with the Fourth Crusade (1202-1204) infamously diverting to Constantinople, leading to its sacking instead of reaching the Holy Land.