What are the chemicals that break down the food into the four basic organic compounds?

The four basic organic compounds—carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids—are broken down by specific enzymes. Amylases break down carbohydrates into sugars, proteases digest proteins into amino acids, lipases break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol, and nucleases decompose nucleic acids into nucleotides. These enzymes facilitate the chemical reactions necessary for digestion, allowing the body to absorb and utilize the nutrients.