Can you sue your own insurance company if you fell off a ladder on your own property?

You are jumping the gun if you are thinking about immediately suing the insurer.

I presume that you are speaking about homeowners insurance. Unless it is physical damage coverage only, there is generally a medical payments coverage which usually appears as "Coverage F". It provides limited medical benefits (typically $500 or $1000) to others that are damaged on your property, often without a showing of fault on your part.

In general, you have to look to your own major medical insurance coverage for expenses attributable to your own injuries.

If insurers allowed these kinds of claims, it would be difficult to differentiate legitimate claims from fraudulent claims.

You can think about making a claim against the ladder manufacturer if you suspect some kind of defect, but this could be difficult to prove.