Why were roads rough before the industrial revolution?

Before the Industrial Revolution, roads were often rough due to a lack of advanced engineering and construction techniques. Most roads were simply dirt paths that became rutted and muddy with use and weather, lacking proper drainage or maintenance. Additionally, the primary mode of transport was horse-drawn vehicles, which required more rugged surfaces, but this resulted in wear and tear over time. Overall, limited resources and technology contributed to the poor quality of road infrastructure.