By Ohm's law, resistance is voltage divided by current, so the resistance of a light bulb can be measured by observing the voltage across it simultaneously with observing the current through it.
Interestingly, the hot resistance is significantly different that the cold resistance, so measuring resistance with an ohmmeter will not give a meaningful resistance.
This is because the resistance of a light bulb has a positive temperature coefficient. Take a typical 60 W 120V light bulb, for instance... Its cold resistance is about 16 Ohms. Calculate current and power at 120 V and you get 7.5 A and 900 W. The truth is that at 60 W, the bulb pulls 0.5 A and has a resistance of 240 Ohms.
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