What is a neaderthals?

I guess you could call them cavemen. They lived in Europe during an ice age and adapted very well to cope with the cold. They had short arms and legs and big bulky bones. Most of them were found in France. We have so many of their skeletons because they lived in caves. When they died their bodies were put it the back of the cave. The cave protected the remains keeping them preserved for a long time. We are not sure if they are related to our human species because we are not able to map their genome. If we could find some of their DNA like their hair or flesh we could map their genome being able to see if they're related to us.

A Neandertal is an extinct species (Homo neanderthalensis)within the genus Homo that lived during the late Pleistocene epoch throughout most of Europe and parts of Asia and northern Africa. Neandertals were built differently from modern humans. For one thing, their bodies were shorter and bulkier. Their brains were also slightly larger than the cranial capacities observed in anatomically modern humans. Modern humans (Homo sapiens) are not descendents of Neandertals; however, we do share a common ancestor.

It is not certain whether the Neandertal genome merged with the Cro-magnon genome, or whether they died out because we outcompeted them. If their genome merged with ours, they would be more properly called a human subspecies (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis) rather than their own species.
The neanderthals were an extinct species of early humans that lived along side with homo sapiens.