Who are the attackers mo noli metangere?

In José Rizal's novel "Noli Me Tangere," the attackers represent the oppressive forces of colonialism, particularly the Spanish authorities and the Catholic Church. Characters like Padre Damaso symbolize the corruption and abuse of power prevalent in society, targeting individuals like Crisostomo Ibarra who challenge the status quo. The novel critiques these oppressive forces and highlights the struggle for justice and reform in the Philippines.