How are gases cooled?

Gases can be cooled through various methods, including expansion, where the gas does work on its surroundings, leading to a decrease in temperature. Another method is by heat exchange, where the gas is passed through a cooling medium, such as water or a refrigerant, which absorbs heat from the gas. Additionally, gases can be cooled through processes like adiabatic expansion, where no heat is exchanged with the environment, resulting in a drop in temperature as the gas expands.