What are the major forms of animal communication?

Major forms of animal communication include vocalizations, body language, and chemical signals. Vocalizations, such as bird songs or whale calls, convey information about territory, mating, or alerts. Body language involves gestures and postures, like a dog’s wagging tail or a cat’s arched back, which indicate emotions or intentions. Chemical signals, such as pheromones, are used by many species to communicate reproductive status or territory boundaries.