What is the principle of multivibrator?

A multivibrator is an electronic circuit that generates a square wave or rectangular waveform output. It operates based on the charging and discharging of capacitors through resistors, which creates a time delay resulting in oscillation. There are three main types of multivibrators: astable, monostable, and bistable, each serving different functions such as pulse generation, timing, and state switching. These circuits are widely used in timers, flip-flops, and waveform generation applications.